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Chess Game Rules
Basic rules
Chess is a two-player game, where one player is assigned white pieces and the other black. Each player has 16 pieces to start the game: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights and eight pawns.
Aim of the game
The object of the game is to capture the other player's king. This capture is never actually completed, but once a king is under attack and unable to avoid capture, it is said to be checkmated and the game is over.
Start of the game
The game is started on a chess board consisting of 64 squares in an 8x8 grid. The White player moves first. Then each player takes a single turn. In fact, a player must move in turn. In other words a move cannot be skipped.
Playing the game
A move consists of placing one piece on a different square, following the rules of movement for that piece.
A player can take an opponent's piece by moving one of his or her own pieces to the square that contains an opponent's piece. The opponent's piece is removed from the board and is out of play for the rest of the game.
Check
If a King is threatened with capture, but has a means to escape, then it is said to be in check. A King cannot move into check, and if in check must move out of check immediately. There are three ways you may move out of check:
- Capture the checking piece
- Block the line of attack by placing one of your own pieces between the checking piece and the King. (Of course, a Knight cannot be blocked.)
- Move the King away from check.
The primary objective in chess is to checkmate your opponent's King. When a King cannot avoid capture then it is checkmated and the game is immediately over.
Stalemate
The game is drawn when the player to move has no legal move and his king is not in check. The game is said to end in 'stalemate'. This immediately ends the game.
Time control
A regular chess clock is used to limit the length of a game. These clocks count the time that each player separately takes for making his own moves. The rules are very simple, if you run out of time, you lose the game, and thus must budget your time.
Pawn promotion
On reaching the last rank, a pawn must immediately be exchanged, as part of the same move, for [either] a queen, a rook, a bishop, or a knight, of the same colour as the pawn, at the player's choice and without taking into account the other pieces still remaining on the chessboard. The effect of the promoted piece is immediate and permanent!
End of the game
Winning
The game is won by the player who has checkmated his opponent's king and whose opponent declares he resigns.
Draw
The game is drawn when the king of the player who has the move is not in check, and this player cannot make any legal move. The player's king is then said to be "stalemated". This immediately ends the game.
The game is drawn upon agreement between the two players.
The game is drawn when one of the following endings arises:
1. king against king;
2. king against king with only bishop or knight;
3. king and bishop against king and bishop, with both bishops on diagonals of the same colour.
The player to move can claim a draw if
1. the same position with the same player to move is repeated three times in the game
2. there are have been 50 consecutive moves of white and of black without any piece taken or any pawn move
Losing
The game is lost by a player who has not completed the prescribed number of moves in the allotted time, unless his opponent has only the king remaining, in which case the game is drawn.
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Vinay Kumar Saini
Assistant Professor (I.T Department)
Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology (MAIT)
Sector-22, Rohini, Delhi-110086, India
Email-Id : vinay.kr.saini@gmail.com
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